Terrorist offences may also be considered a hate crime and the College of Policing operational guidance states there is “a clear overlap between hate crime and terrorist activity ”. An offence may be motivated by hatred towards a characteristic (strand) that is not centrally monitored and does not form part of the data collection presented in this statistical bulletin (age or gender for example). This means that offences with a xenophobic element (such as graffiti targeting certain nationalities) can be recorded as race hate crimes by the police. Policy and legislation takes a ‘human rights’ approach and covers majority as well as minority groups. It automatically includes a person who is targeted because they are an asylum seeker or refugee as this is intrinsically linked to their ethnicity and origins. “Race means any group defined by race, colour, nationality or ethnic or national origin, including countries within the UK, and Gypsy or Irish Travellers. The College of Policing (CoP) provided operational guidance in 2014 on hate crime to police forces, including information on what can be covered by race hate crime. Hate crime figures in this bulletin are therefore dependent on a flag being correctly applied to an offence that is identified as a hate crime. For more information, see Section 4 - Hate Crime data sources and quality. In the process of recording a crime, the police can flag an offence as being motivated by one or more of these five monitored strands for example, an offence can be motivated by hostility towards the victim’s race and religion). There are five centrally monitored strands of hate crime: Hate crime is defined as ‘any criminal offence which is perceived, by the victim or any other person, to be motivated by hostility or prejudice towards someone based on a personal characteristic.’ This common definition was agreed in 2007 by the police, Crown Prosecution Service, Prison Service (now the National Offender Management Service) and other agencies that make up the criminal justice system. In response to requests from users, we have also published an annex which contains provisional data on trends in racially or religiously aggravated offences during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic up to the end of July 2020. Data for Greater Manchester Police have not been included in this bulletin as they have been unable to supply data following the implementation of a new IT system in July 2019.Įstimates on the number of hate crime incidents are also presented from the Crime Survey for England and Wales for the combined survey years of year ending March 2018, year ending March 2019 and year ending March 2020. This statistical bulletin provides information on the number of hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales in year ending March 2020.
in contrast, the CSEW which is not affected by changes in crime recording, shows a long-term decline in hate crime, with a 38% fall in these incidents between the combined year ending March 2008 and year ending March 2009 and the combined year ending March 2018, year ending March 2019 and year ending March 2020 surveys.
increases in police recorded hate crime in recent years have been driven by improvements in crime recording and a better identification of what constitutes a hate crime.
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